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Swipe is a comics term that refers to the intentional copying of a cover, panel, or page from an earlier comic book or graphic novel without crediting the original artist. Artists Jack Kirby, Neal Adams, Hergé, and Jim Lee are common targets of swipes, though even those artists may not be above reproach; Kirby was known to have swiped from Hal Foster early in his career.〔 Similarly, many Golden Age artists kept "swipe files" of material to be copied as needed.〔Best, Daniel. ("A Rose By Any Other Name," ) 20th Century Danny Boy (June 26, 2006).〕 Certain contemporary artists have become notorious for their swiping, including Rich Buckler (who favors Neal Adams and Jack Kirby), Rob Liefeld (many artists), Keith Giffen (José Antonio Muñoz), and Roger Cruz (Jim Lee and Joe Madureira). There is a long tradition in comics of using fine art as "inspiration" as well. Most observers do not consider this as objectionable as swiping from another cartoonist's work. Examples include Art Spiegelman swiping an image of the Russian artist M. Mazruho's in ''Maus'',〔"Swipe File", ''The Comics Journal'' No. 141 (April 1991), p. 117.〕 Eddie Campbell swiping Diego Velázquez,〔"Swipe File", ''The Comics Journal'' No. 155 (January 1993), p. 8.〕 and Jill Thompson swiping the work of Arthur Rackham.〔"Swipe File", ''The Comics Journal'' No. 175 (March 1995), pp. 4–5.〕 Cartoonists have also swiped images from mass media and commercial art. Examples include Batman creator Bob Kane repeatedly swiping from early 20th-century illustrator Henry Vallely,〔("Gang Busters! (Secret Origins of Batman Part 1)," ) The Vallely Archives (May 25, 2006).〕〔Kimball, Kirk. ("Secret Origins of The Batman, Chapter 3: The Haunting of Robert Kane!" ) Dial B for Blog (Sept.).〕 Greg Land repeatedly swiping pornography as well as many popular comic book artists, ''2000 AD'' artist Mick Austin swiping an image of Toni Shilleto's from ''Mayfair: Entertainment for Men'',〔"Swipe File," ''The Comics Journal'' No. 143 (Apr. 1991), p. 59: Austin's ''2000 AD'' No. 713 (January 12, 1991) and Shilleto's art from ''Mayfair'' (December 1989).〕 Jon J. Muth swiping a 1940s photograph,〔"Swipe File," ''The Comics Journal'' No. 171 (September 1994), p. 5.〕 and David Chelsea swiping from Spanish pornography.〔"Swipe File," ''The Comics Journal'' No. 176 (Apr. 1995), pp. 6–8.〕 Sometimes the swiping happens "in reverse," as in the example of an illustration from ''Organic Gardening'' magazine swiping the iconic Kirby cover for ''Fantastic Four'' #1.〔"Swipe File," ''The Comics Journal'' No. 158 (Apr. 1993), p. 9: Organic Gardening, v. 40, No. 4 (Apr. 1993) vs. ''Fantastic Four'' No. 1 (1961).〕 Swiping brings to mind the amusing conundrum of whether an artist can swipe from himself. One example is two almost-identical ''Peanuts'' strips by Charles Schulz done almost ten years apart.〔"Swipe File", ''The Comics Journal'' No. 184 (February 1996), p. 5: strips of June 11, 1987, and January 20, 1996.〕 Another comic strip-related ethics question was invoked by latter-day ''Nancy'' artists Guy & Brad Gilchrist swiping ''Nancy'' creator Ernie Bushmiller.〔"Swipe File", ''The Comics Journal'' No. 190 (September 1996), pp. 8–9.〕 == "Cloning" == Though not technically swiping, some artists have made a career "cloning" other artists. Phil Jimenez has been quite open about his work being modeled on George Pérez's,〔Simmons, Scott. ("Phil Jimenez Talks About ''The Invisibles''," ) Heroes & Dragons (Feb. 1997).〕 though he has never been accused of directly swiping a Perez drawing. Bryan Hitch started off as an Alan Davis "clone."〔 Bill Sienkiewicz's early work was blatantly derivative of Neal Adams,〔Thomas, Michael. ("Bill Sienkiewicz Interview," ) Comic Book Resources (July 17, 2001): "Studying Neal's work, ... I became obsessed ... and became fixated on it. It was like my intention was to be Neal. ... Neal has been nothing but wonderful and supportive from then till now. I don't think he sees me as a clone anymore."〕 as was Tom Grindberg's,〔 Michael Netzer (Nasser)'s, and Mike Grell's. Industry veteran Dick Giordano maintained that cloning is not only acceptable, but actually ''preferable'', when an artist fills in for a regular artist on a title.〔"Reinventing the Rules," in Eury, Michael. Dick Giordano: Changing Comics, One Day at a Time TwoMorrows Publishing (November 5, 2003), p. 136: ISBN 1-893905-27-6.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swipe (comics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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